Deep Brain Stimulation for Parkinson’s Disease: A Comprehensive Review of Efficacy, Influencing Factors, and Future Directions

Shu Wang; Xianze  Li; Rujin  Wang; Ruoyu  Ma; Anchao  Yang; Fangang  Meng; Jianguo Zhang

doi:10.71321/qwdy0v52

Authors

Shu Wang Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100070, China
Xianze Li Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100070, China
Rujin Wang Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100070, China
Ruoyu Ma Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100070, China
Anchao Yang Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100070, China
Fangang Meng Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100070, China
Jianguo Zhang Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100070, China

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.71321/qwdy0v52

Keywords:

Parkinson’s Disease, Movement disorders, Deep brain stimulation, Review

Abstract

Deep Brain Stimulation (DBS) is a well-established surgical therapy for advanced Parkinson’s disease (PD), effectively alleviating motor symptoms and complications associated with long-term levodopa treatment. This review provides a comprehensive synthesis of current evidence, analyzing the efficacy of the two primary targets, the subthalamic nucleus (STN) and the globus pallidus internus (GPi), on both motor and non-motor symptoms. While STN-DBS allows significant medication reduction and GPi-DBS may better manage dyskinesias and axial symptoms, outcomes are highly dependent on careful patient selection. Key prognostic factors include preoperative levodopa responsiveness, disease duration, motor phenotype, and cognitive status. The review also critically evaluates technological advancements, such as adaptive closed-loop systems and novel targets, which aim to personalize therapy and address treatment-resistant symptoms. Ultimately, DBS represents a transformative intervention whose success hinges on integrated clinical decision-making and continued innovation.

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